- weeks start on monday
- the first week of the year is the one containing the fist Thursday of the year
The starting point for the formula below can be found here. It's pretty complex, and I suggest that first you should build some helper calculated functions for the most used values: day of week (DOW) of the current date, DOW of the first day of the current year, current day/month/year.
And here it is (replace "the_date" with the name of your date column):
=INT(
IF(AND(MONTH([the_date])=1,
5 < WEEKDAY(DATE(YEAR([the_date]),1,1)),
WEEKDAY(DATE(YEAR([the_date]),1,1)) < 9 - (DAY([the_date])-1)),
(IF(WEEKDAY(DATE(YEAR([the_date]),1,1)) < 6,1,0)) +
44 +
(59+WEEKDAY(DATE(YEAR([the_date])-1,1,1))-WEEKDAY(DATE(YEAR([the_date]),1,1)))*9 / 64,
IF(AND(MONTH([the_date])=12,
30-(DAY([the_date])-1) < WEEKDAY(DATE(YEAR([the_date])+1, 1, 1)) - 2,
WEEKDAY(DATE(YEAR([the_date])+1,1,1)) < 5),
1,
(IF(WEEKDAY(DATE(YEAR([the_date]),1,1)) < 6,1,0)) +
4*(MONTH([the_date])-1) +
(2*(MONTH([the_date])-1)+(DAY([the_date])-1)+WEEKDAY(DATE(YEAR([the_date]),1,1))-WEEKDAY([the_date])+6)*36/256)))
... I know, it's horrible... if you have time, make it pretty...